36. Bird, P., and Yao Li (1996) Interpolation of principal stress directions by nonparametric statistics: Global maps with confidence limits, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 5435-5443.

Abstract. We suggest a simple method for interpolation of data on the horizontal most-compressive principal stress direction () which makes no assumptions about their distribution, except that the probability of a given discrepancy is primarily a function of distance. Using the 6,000 data of the World Stress Map, we obtain empirical two-point distributions of direction differences at a number of distances. Then, to find the probability distribution at an interpolation point, we form the product of the distributions implied by all the available data within the correlation horizon (with or without pre-averaging of clustered data). It is then simple to select the most likely direction and 90% (or other) confidence bounds. The resulting global maps of directions have 90%-confidence limits of less than ± 45° over 20% to 65% of the globe, and small uncertainties of less than ± 10° over 5% to 25% of the globe (depending on the method). Both maps illustrate how radial directions encircle high topography (or unusually shallow bathymetry), suggesting a generally low level of deviatoric stress in the lithosphere.